165

At right is an example of Cole's lifter along with

a rare unmarked variant that is identical except

that the guide-rod is straight rather than a helix

as called for in the patent.

Patent number 365,247 was issued on June 21,

1887 to William P. Elliott of Shelbyville, Indiana.

His guide-rod has a screw-point and twisted

shaft, like a carpenter's wood bit but having

sharp longitudinal edges instead of a cutting

blade behind the screw-point as in the bit. He

then fastens a wing to the shaft. The wing is

shaped horizontally like a shallow

―

S

‖

, and in

the vertical plane the top edge of the wing is

approximately

semicircular.

Design patent number D 31,896 was issued on November 28,

1899 to Francis Marion Swartz of Newark, Ohio. His design

has a circular head and four downward-projecting tapered

teeth arranged around a center guide-rod.